What is the ideal perfect shot time for espresso?

The ideal perfect shot time for espresso is around 22 seconds because this duration typically balances the extraction of flavors, oils, and aromas from the coffee grounds to create a rich and complex shot. During this window, the water passes through the coffee at an optimal flow rate, ensuring that you capture the sweetness, acidity, and body of the coffee without bitter over-extraction or under-extraction of flavors.

At around 22 seconds, you also achieve what is known as a "crema," which is the golden layer of foam that sits atop espresso shots, contributing to the overall flavor profile and experience. A shot that runs much shorter might lack depth and flavor complexity, while a shot that runs excessively long could lead to bitterness and an undesirable taste. Therefore, 22 seconds is often cited as the sweet spot to achieve a well-balanced espresso shot that pleases the palate.